Resume vs CV: What's the Difference and When to Use Each

Resume vs CV: The Key Differences

While the terms "resume" and "CV" are often used interchangeably, they're actually quite different documents with distinct purposes.

What is a Resume?

A resume is a concise, targeted document typically 1-2 pages long that highlights your most relevant qualifications for a specific job.

Key Characteristics:

• Length: 1-2 pages maximum
• Content: Tailored to each job application
• Focus: Skills, achievements, and relevant experience
• Format: Reverse chronological or combination
• Updates: Customized for each application

What is a CV (Curriculum Vitae)?

A CV is a comprehensive document that provides a complete overview of your academic and professional history.

Key Characteristics:

• Length: 2+ pages (often 5-10+ pages for academics)
• Content: Complete professional and academic history
• Focus: Research, publications, presentations, teaching
• Format: Chronological, detailed
• Updates: New accomplishments added over time

When to Use a Resume

Use a resume when applying for:

• Corporate jobs in the US and Canada
• Private sector positions
• Industry roles (tech, finance, marketing, etc.)
• Government jobs in the US
• Startup and small business positions

When to Use a CV

Use a CV when applying for:

• Academic positions (professor, researcher)
• Research positions
• Medical positions
• Scientific roles
• Fellowships and grants
• Jobs in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East (called "CV" but similar to US resume)

Geographic Differences

United States & Canada

Clear distinction between resume (short, targeted) and CV (long, comprehensive). Most jobs require a resume.

Europe, Asia, Africa, Middle East

The term "CV" is used, but it's typically the same length and format as a US resume (1-2 pages).

Australia & New Zealand

Uses both terms interchangeably, but documents are similar to US resumes in length.

What to Include in Each

Resume Sections:

1. Contact Information
2. Professional Summary
3. Work Experience (most relevant)
4. Education
5. Skills
6. Optional: Certifications, Awards, Languages

CV Sections:

1. Contact Information
2. Education (including thesis/dissertation)
3. Research Experience
4. Publications
5. Presentations & Conferences
6. Teaching Experience
7. Grants & Fellowships
8. Professional Memberships
9. References

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Resume Mistakes:

• Making it too long (keep to 1-2 pages)
• Using generic content (customize for each job)
• Including irrelevant information

CV Mistakes:

• Making it too short (include all relevant details)
• Poor organization (use clear sections)
• Outdated information (keep it current)

Conclusion

Understanding the difference between a resume and CV is crucial for your job search success. Most people will need a resume for their career, while CVs are reserved for academic and research positions. When in doubt, check the job posting or company's instructions—they'll usually specify which format they prefer.